Chalcidoidea Morphology Matrix

Character

Separation of axillae [94]

Description

If the scutellum was at all truncate anteriorly it was scored as state 0, but as state 1 if the anterior angle of the scutellum was acute (Fig. 5h, i). State 2 occurs in Philomidinae (Perilampidae), Signiphoridae, and some Eucharitini (Eucharitidae). Although coded the same, we doubt that the condition in Signiphoridae (axillae marked by internal carinae only) is homologous with the perilampid lineage (Philomidinae and Eucharitidae). In slide mounts of Signiphoridae, the mesoscutum does extend to the transscutal articulation and thus the structure is more likely a special derivation of state 0; however, based on external morphology we coded this as a transverse band (state 2). There were difficulties in coding states 1 and 2 because the extent to which the axillae are separated medially is complicated by the breadth and angle of the scutoscutellar sulcus, which separates the scutellum from the axillae. Citations: Woolley (1988: 10); Krogmann & Vilhelmsen (2006: 40); Lotfalizadeh et al. (2007: 85).

States

-: unassigned

notes:

coded examples: Collessina_pachyneura, Philomidine_New_Genus_D0903, nr_Microlycus_BalticAmber, Ceinae_BalticAmber_020

0: broadly separated mesally, scutellum truncate anteriorly

1.Eunotus

notes:

coded examples: Cleonymus Latreille, 1809, Cales noacki Howard, 1907, Coccophagus rusti, Cirrospilus coachellae, Eurytoma gigantea (toggle remainder)

1: meeting or nearly meeting mesally, scutellum acute anteriorly

1. Acanthochalcis nigr... ↴

2. Cheiloneurus flaccus... ↴

notes:

coded examples: Acanthochalcis_nigricans, Cheiloneurus flaccus, Perilampus tristis, Tanaostigmodes howardii, Doddifoenus wallacei (toggle remainder)

2: axillae fused and forming a united transverse band such that scutellum not reaching TSA

1. Chalcura... ↴

notes:

coded examples: Kapala floridana (Ashmead, 1885), Akapala rudis (Westwood, 1874), Indosema indica Husain & Agarwal, 1983, Ancylotropus cariniscutis Cameron, 1909, Pseudochalcura gibbosa (Provancher, 1881) (toggle remainder)