Character Details

Character

Frenum as defined mesally [57]

Description

This character refers to how the frenum is defined mesal to the frenal arm (character 105). State 1 reflects a frenum that is dorsally differentiated from the scutellum by some sort of frenal “line” (sulcus, carina or change in surface sculpture) (Figs 4h, i, 5h). State 2 is associated with a specialized structure in which the scutellum extends posteriorly (character 103). Except for male eupelmines, which definitely lack a dorsally defined frenum, "jumping" Eupelmidae typically have a scutellum with a vertically convex apical surface that is somewhat smoother than the dorsal surface, over which the metascutellum rotates when the mesonotum arches during jumping. This region was coded as state 2 because it is an apically differentiated region of the scutellum, even though the region is not defined across the scutellum "dorsally" as it is in other chalcidoids coded as state 2. Citations: Delvare (1992: 34); Heraty (1994: 27; 2002: 48); Grissell (1995: 15); Wijesekara (1997: 20); Gibson (2003: 22); Krogmann & Vilhelmsen (2006: 59).

States

-: unassigned
notes:
coded examples: Smicromorpha doddi Girault, 1913, Notaspidium giganteum Halstead, 1991, Trechnites fuscitarsis, Phtuaria fimbriae UCRCENT00237978 , Ormocerinae_FrenchAmber_PA2393 (toggle remainder)
0: not indicated
7953_mximage
1.Eurytoma gigantea
 
notes:
coded examples: Cleonymus Latreille, 1809, Cales noacki Howard, 1907, Coccophagus rusti, Cirrospilus coachellae, Eurytoma gigantea (toggle remainder)
1: defined across the scutellum dorsally
7954_mximage
1.Erixestus
24468_mximage
2.Orasema
24473_mximage
3.Gollumiella
24471_mximage
4. Gollumiella...
 
notes:
coded examples: Australomymar sp. Chile, Nasonia vitripennis, Foersterella reptans, Megastigmus transvaalensis, Mymaromma (toggle remainder)
2: defined ventral to apical margin of scutellum
notes:
coded examples: Euperilampus triangularis Say, 1828, Perilampus hyalinus Say, 1829, Perilampus subcarinatus Crawford, 1914, Kapala floridana (Ashmead, 1885), Stypiura dentipes (Fabricius 1804) (toggle remainder)