Chalcidoidea Morphology Matrix

Character

Frenal indication as defined by the position of the frenal arm [58]

Description

The frenal arm (fra) is a modification of a raised rim that originates from the posterior notal wing process that extends along the posterior margin of the scutellum before typically bifurcating and diverging dorsally from the posterior margin (Fig. 4d, f, i). The frenal arm is the anteriorly directed portion of the bifurcation and is continuous with the frenal line in those chalcids with the frenum defined dorsally (character 104). However, those chalcidoids that lack a mesally defined frenum usually still have the frenal arm visible as a short lateral bifurcation, and this defines the frenum laterally (state 0; Fig. 4f). If the scutellum has a clearly visible rim that does not have a distinct anterior branch separated from the posterior edge of the scutellum (i.e., some Aphelinidae), this was coded as state 1. Citation: Gibson (2003: 23); Krogmann & Vilhelmsen (2006: 61).

States

-: unassigned

notes:

coded examples: Smicromorpha doddi Girault, 1913, Thysanus ater Walker, 1840, Trechnites fuscitarsis, Tetrapus costaricanus Grandi, 1925, Pleistodontes blandus Wiebes, 1963 (toggle remainder)

0: frenum laterally differentiated

1.Nasonia giraulti

notes:

coded examples: Cleonymus Latreille, 1809, Eurytoma gigantea, Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Australomymar sp. Chile, Nasonia vitripennis (toggle remainder)

1: frenum not differentiated laterally

1.Aphelinus albipodus

notes:

coded examples: Cales noacki Howard, 1907, Coccophagus rusti, Cirrospilus coachellae, Coccobius fulvus, Cheiloneurus flaccus (toggle remainder)