Chalcidoidea Morphology Matrix

Character

Connection between bases of 2nd valvulae [129]

Description

The laminated bridge (state 0; lb, Fig. 7h) is apparently a set of sclerotized “sheets” connecting the 2nd valvulae near the bulbous articulation (Copland and King, 1971, cf. fig. 9). This structure is expected to occur in all chalcidoids except mymarids, which have a spur replacing the bulbous articulation (King and Copland, 1969). State 2 occurs in various taxa, including some Eucharitidae and Eulophus (Eulophidae). In these taxa, there is a single sclerotized connection between the vavulae. State 3 occurs in various fig wasps with an elongate ovipositor.

States

-: unassigned

notes:

coded examples: Eurytoma gigantea, Yrka Boucek, 1988, Notaspidium giganteum Halstead, 1991, Macrorileya Ashmead, 1900, Bruchodape ignota Burks, 1971 (toggle remainder)

0: laminated bridge

1.Nasonia vitripennis

notes:

coded examples: Coccophagus rusti, Coccobius fulvus, Nasonia vitripennis, Megastigmus transvaalensis, Perilampus tristis (toggle remainder)

1: single transverse sclerotized bar present

1.Eulophus

notes: Found in Orasema simulatrix

coded examples: Cales noacki Howard, 1907, Chiloe micropteron, Kapala floridana (Ashmead, 1885), Indosema indica Husain & Agarwal, 1983, Orasema simulatrix Gahan, 1940 (toggle remainder)

2: absent, no sclerotized connection between 2nd valvulae at base

1.Pseudometagea schwarzii

notes:

coded examples: Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Australomymar sp. Chile, Mymaromma, Acmopolynema varium, Archaeoteleia mellea (toggle remainder)

3: laminated bridge present and elongate, extending far beyond bulbous articulation

notes:

coded examples: Tetrapus costaricanus Grandi, 1925, Pleistodontes blandus Wiebes, 1963, Blastophaga psenes Linneaeus, 1758, Ceratosolen appendiculatus (Mayr, 1885), Waterstoniella Grandi, 1921 (toggle remainder)