Character Details

Character

Relation between labrum and clypeus [26]

Description

Darling (1988) hypothesized that a broad labrum contiguous with the apical margin of the clypeus is the ground plan for Chalcidoidea. This character was used by Wijesekara (1997) as a synapomorphy supporting the monophyly of Chalcididae. Citations: Wijesekara (1997: 7); Gates (2008: 14). Although originally hypothesized to be plesiomorphic, a strongly sclerotized platelike labrum abutting the ventral margin of the clypeus is a convergent feature of Chalcididae and Philomidinae (Heraty et al. 2013). In most members of the planidial clade, the labrum is less strongly sclerotized and retracted under the clypeus.

States

-: unassigned
notes:
coded examples: Thysanus ater Walker, 1840, Pseudidarnes minerva Girault, 1927, Clytina_giraudi_Den, Chartocerus_sp1, UCRC_ENT_00237975 (toggle remainder)
0: labrum with consistently exposed ventral plate, abutting clypeal margin
7059_mximage
1. Dirhinus giffardii...
7060_mximage
2.Brachymeria
7061_mximage
3.Acanthochalcis nigricans
 
notes: Chalcididae
coded examples: Gonatocerus ashmeadi, Australomymar sp. Chile, Acanthochalcis_nigricans, Acmopolynema varium, Erythmelus_rosascostai (toggle remainder)
1: labrum without exposed ventral plate
7062_mximage
1.Chromeurytoma
 
notes:
coded examples: Cleonymus Latreille, 1809, Coccophagus rusti, Cirrospilus coachellae, Eurytoma gigantea, Coccobius fulvus (toggle remainder)
2: labrum projecting forward as a horizontal shelf
7063_mximage
1.Cales noacki
7064_mximage
2.Chiloe micropteron
 
notes:
coded examples: Cales noacki Howard, 1907, Foersterella reptans, Mymaromma, Chiloe micropteron, Euderus Haliday, 1844 (toggle remainder)